BMI & Hypertension
Diabetes & CVD Mortality
Depression & Sleep
4,520
Sample Size (weighted n)
OR 1.87
Obese vs Normal BMI
95% CI 1.52-2.29
Confidence Interval
p < 0.001
Significance

Hypertension Prevalence by BMI Category

Survey-weighted prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals. NHANES 2017-2018.

BMI Distribution by Hypertension Status

Kernel density of BMI in hypertensive vs normotensive participants.

Logistic Regression Results — Hypertension

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios from survey-weighted logistic regression.

VariableOR95% CIp-valueSignificance
BMI (Obese vs Normal)1.871.52 – 2.29<0.001🌟🌟🌟
BMI (Overweight vs Normal)1.341.12 – 1.610.002🌟🌟
Age (per 10 years)1.521.38 – 1.68<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Male (vs Female)1.180.98 – 1.420.078ns
Non-Hispanic Black (vs White)1.611.29 – 2.01<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Education (College+ vs <HS)0.820.67 – 1.010.062ns
Current Smoker (vs Never)1.230.99 – 1.530.058ns

Methodology

Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2017-2018. Exposure: BMI categories (underweight/<18.5, normal 18.5-24.9, overweight 25-29.9, obese ≥30). Outcome: Hypertension defined as systolic ≥130 mmHg, diastolic ≥80 mmHg, or antihypertensive use. Survey weights: WTMEC2YR / 1 (single cycle). PSU: SDMVPSU. Strata: SDMVSTRA. Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, alcohol. Rao-Scott chi-square for bivariate comparisons. Analyses performed in Python with statsmodels.

8,214
Follow-up Participants
HR 1.72
Diabetes → CVD Death
95% CI 1.38-2.14
Confidence Interval
12.3 yrs
Median Follow-up

Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves

CVD mortality-free survival by diabetes status. Log-rank p < 0.001.

CVD Mortality Rate per 1,000 Person-Years

Age-adjusted mortality rates by diabetes and sex.

Cox Proportional Hazards — CVD Mortality

Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease mortality.

VariableHR95% CIp-valueSignificance
Diabetes (Yes vs No)1.721.38 – 2.14<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Age (per year)1.081.07 – 1.10<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Male (vs Female)1.451.16 – 1.810.001🌟🌟🌟
Hypertension (Yes vs No)1.381.10 – 1.730.005🌟🌟
Current Smoker1.561.22 – 1.99<0.001🌟🌟🌟
eGFR <60 (vs ≥60)1.631.25 – 2.13<0.001🌟🌟🌟

Methodology

Prospective cohort study using NHANES 1999-2018 with mortality follow-up through December 2019 (NHANES Public-Use Linked Mortality Files). Exposure: Diabetes defined as self-reported diagnosis, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or diabetes medication use. Outcome: CVD mortality (ICD-10 I00-I09, I11, I13, I20-I51, I60-I69). Survival time: interview date to death or censoring. Cox proportional hazards with survey::svycoxph() in R. PH assumption tested with Schoenfeld residuals.

5,823
Adult Participants
β = 2.34
Short Sleep → PHQ-9
95% CI 1.82-2.86
Confidence Interval
p < 0.001
Significance

Mean PHQ-9 Score by Sleep Duration

Survey-weighted mean PHQ-9 scores across sleep duration categories.

Depression Prevalence by Sleep Category

Prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) by sleep duration.

Linear Regression — PHQ-9 Score

Survey-weighted linear regression for depression severity.

VariableCoefficient95% CIp-valueSignificance
Sleep (<5h vs 7-8h)+2.341.82 – 2.86<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Sleep (5-6h vs 7-8h)+1.120.78 – 1.46<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Sleep (>9h vs 7-8h)+0.870.41 – 1.33<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Female (vs Male)+1.280.92 – 1.64<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Income < poverty line+1.561.10 – 2.02<0.001🌟🌟🌟
Age (per 10 years)-0.34-0.52 – -0.16<0.001🌟🌟🌟

Methodology

Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2017-2018. Exposure: Self-reported sleep duration (<5, 5-6, 7-8 [reference], >9 hours). Outcome: PHQ-9 total score (0-27). Depression severity: minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), moderately severe (15-19), severe (20-27). Survey-weighted linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking, and chronic conditions. Analyses use WTMEC2YR with PSU SDMVPSU and strata SDMVSTRA.